Madhyamik Textual Grammar for the WBBSE board exam is crucial. Students must concentrate on textual grammar. Correct grammar makes you ready to score 100/100.
Are you a student of class 10 and appearing in the most prestigious Madhyamik Examination (WBBSE)? Are you struggling with textual grammar?
Don’t worry, I am here to help you. Here, you’ll get the full textual grammar with a detailed explanation. I’ve divided all the chapters.
You’ll even get page number wise solutions to quickly find your West Bengal Board’s class 10th textual grammar.
Practice according to explanation to get good marks in textual grammar in SSC (Secondary School Certificate).
If you have any doubts or want to get the personal guide, feel free to comment below.
Table of Contents
Madhyamik Textual Grammar From Every Text with Page Number
Here you’ll get a fully organized Madhyamik Textual Grammar with page number. This detailed grammatical solution of text will help you to get excellent marks in English in your West Bengal class 10th Board examination.
Father’s Help – R.K. Narayan
Page Number – 10
Question 10: Choose the correct alternative to complete the sentences
(a) Rina (take/takes/took) the bus to school every day.
Correct answer: takes
Explanation:
• The sentence talks about a habitual action (happens every day), which requires the simple present tense.
• In the simple present tense, a singular subject (Rina) takes a verb with -s or -es.
• Therefore, ‘takes’ is correct.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• বাক্যটি একটি অভ্যাসগত কাজ বোঝাচ্ছে (প্রতিদিন ঘটে), তাই এখানে Simple Present Tense ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
• Simple Present Tense-এ যদি কর্তা একবচন হয় (যেমন: Rina), তাহলে ক্রিয়ার শেষে –s বা –es যোগ হয়।
• তাই ‘takes’–ই সঠিক রূপ।
(b) Last Monday, while we (was watching/have been watching/were watching) the television, the electricity went off.
Correct answer: were watching
Explanation:
• The phrase “Last Monday” indicates a past event.
• In the past continuous tense, we use was/were + verb + -ing to show an action that was happening when another action occurred.
• Since “we” is plural, we use ‘were watching’.
• “The electricity went off” (simple past) happened while “we were watching” (past continuous).
ব্যাখ্যা:
• “Last Monday” শব্দগুচ্ছটি বোঝায় ঘটনাটি অতীতে ঘটেছে।
• Past Continuous Tense-এ চলমান কোনো অতীত ঘটনার জন্য was/were + verb + -ing ব্যবহার করা হয়।
• এখানে “we” বহুবচন, তাই were watching ব্যবহৃত হবে।
• “The electricity went off” (simple past) ঘটনাটি ঘটেছিল তখনই, যখন “we were watching” (past continuous) কাজটি চলছিল।
(c) By this time tomorrow, they (will have left/will have leave/will had left).
Correct answer: will have left
Explanation:
• The phrase “By this time tomorrow” suggests a future perfect tense, which describes an action that will be completed before a specific point in the future.
• The correct structure is “will have + past participle”.
• “Left” is the past participle of “leave”.
• “Will have leave” is incorrect because “leave” is the base verb, and “will had left” is incorrect because “will” cannot be followed by “had”.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• “By this time tomorrow” শব্দগুচ্ছটি ভবিষ্যতে নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের আগে কোনো কাজ সম্পূর্ণ হয়ে যাবে—এমন অবস্থাকে বোঝায়। তাই এখানে Future Perfect Tense ব্যবহৃত হবে।
• Future Perfect-এর সঠিক গঠন হলো: will have + past participle।
• “Leave” ক্রিয়ার past participle হলো left।
• “Will have leave” ভুল, কারণ “leave” এখানে মূল verb (base form)।
আবার “will had left” ভুল, কারণ “will”–এর পরে কখনোই “had” ব্যবহার করা যায় না।
Question 11: Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions
Sentence:
Arifa, the younger _________ the two girls, has cracked IIT, while _________ older one is _________ engineer _________ a multinational company.
Correct Answer:
Arifa, the younger of the two girls, has cracked IIT, while the older one is an engineer in a multinational company.
Explanation:
• “Of” is used with comparatives like “younger” when comparing two things. (the younger of the two girls)
• “The” is used before “older one” because we are referring to a specific person.
• “An” is used before “engineer” because “engineer” starts with a vowel sound (the ‘e’ in “engineer” is pronounced as a vowel).
• “In” is the correct preposition because we say “work in a company”, not “at” or “on”.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• “Younger”–এর মতো comparative শব্দের সঙ্গে দু’জন বা দু’টি জিনিসের তুলনা করতে of ব্যবহার করা হয়।
যেমন: the younger of the two girls।
• “Older one”–এর আগে the ব্যবহার করা হয়, কারণ আমরা এখানে নির্দিষ্ট একজন ব্যক্তিকে বোঝাচ্ছি।
• “Engineer” শব্দটির উচ্চারণ স্বরধ্বনি (vowel sound) দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাই এর আগে an বসে।
• “Work in a company”–ই সঠিক ব্যবহার, তাই এখানে in প্রিপোজিশনটি ঠিক। “at” বা “on” ব্যবহার করা যায় না।
Final Answers in One Place:
10(a) Rina takes the bus to school every day.
10(b) Last Monday, while we were watching the television, the electricity went off.
10(c) By this time tomorrow, they will have left.
11 Arifa, the younger of the two girls, has cracked IIT, while the older one is an engineer in a multinational company.
Fable – Ralph Waldo Emerson
Page number – 15
Question 4: Replace the underlined words with suitable phrasal verbs from the list given below.
List of phrasal verbs: turn down, come over, put up with, come across
(a) Rabi met his friend in the park.
Correct answer: Rabi came across his friend in the park.
Explanation:
• “Came across” means to meet or find someone unexpectedly.
• If Rabi had planned to meet his friend, “come over” would be better, but since “met” is used without the context of planning, “came across” fits.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Came across অর্থ হলো হঠাৎ কারও সঙ্গে দেখা হওয়া বা হঠাৎ কিছু পাওয়া।
• যদি রবি বন্ধুর সঙ্গে ইচ্ছে করে দেখা করার পরিকল্পনা করত, তাহলে come over ব্যবহার করা যেত।
কিন্তু এখানে কোনো পরিকল্পনার উল্লেখ নেই—শুধু “met” বলা হয়েছে। তাই came across–ই সঠিক।
(b) Tanushree cannot tolerate cruel behaviour to animals.
Correct answer: Tanushree cannot put up with cruel behaviour to animals.
Explanation:
• “Put up with” means to tolerate or endure something unpleasant.
• Since the original sentence talks about not tolerating cruelty, “put up with” is the correct phrasal verb.
নীচে আপনার দেওয়া ইংরেজি ব্যাখ্যাকেই অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত রেখে সহজ ও পরিষ্কার বাংলায় উপস্থাপন করা হলো—
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Put up with অর্থ হলো কোনো অপ্রীতিকর বিষয় সহ্য করা বা মেনে নেওয়া।
• মূল বাক্যে নিষ্ঠুরতা (cruelty) সহ্য না করার কথা বলা হয়েছে, তাই এখানে put up with–ই সঠিক phrasal verb।
পরবর্তী অংশ পাঠান, আমি একইভাবে অনুবাদ করে দেব।
(c) His proposal was rejected.
Correct answer: His proposal was turned down.
Explanation:
• “Turn down” means to reject something, such as an offer, request, or proposal.
• Since the sentence refers to rejection, “turned down” is the correct choice.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Turn down অর্থ হলো কোনো প্রস্তাব, আবেদন বা অনুরোধ প্রত্যাখ্যান করা বা না বলা।
• যেহেতু বাক্যটি প্রত্যাখ্যান করার বিষয় বোঝাচ্ছে, তাই turned down–ই সঠিক ব্যবহার।
Final Answers for Question 4:
(a) Rabi came across his friend in the park.
(b) Tanushree cannot put up with cruel behaviour to animals.
(c) His proposal was turned down.
Question 5: Change the voice of the following sentences
(a) Lock the door.
Passive voice: Let the door be locked.
Explanation:
• This is an imperative sentence (a command).
• In passive voice, imperative sentences follow the structure: “Let + object + be + past participle”.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• এটি একটি imperative sentence (আদেশসূচক বাক্য)।
• Imperative sentence-কে passive voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে এই গঠন ব্যবহার হয়:
Let + object + be + past participle।
(b) Ashim knows the solution to this problem.
Passive voice: The solution to this problem is known by Ashim.
Explanation:
• Active voice: Subject (Ashim) + verb (knows) + object (the solution).
• In passive voice, the object becomes the subject: “The solution is known by Ashim.”
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Active voice-এ বাক্যের গঠন হয়: কর্তা (Ashim) + ক্রিয়া (knows) + কর্ম (the solution)।
• Passive voice-এ কর্মটি কর্তার জায়গায় চলে আসে। তাই বাক্যটি হয়:
“The solution is known by Ashim.”
(c) I had written a letter.
Passive voice: A letter had been written by me.
Explanation:
• Active voice: Subject (I) + had + past participle (written) + object (a letter).
• Passive structure: “Object + had been + past participle + by subject.”
• “A letter” becomes the subject in passive form, and “had been written” maintains the past perfect tense.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Active voice-এ গঠনটি হয়: কর্তা (I) + had + past participle (written) + কর্ম (a letter)।
• Passive voice-এর গঠন হলো: Object + had been + past participle + by subject।
• Passive form-এ “a letter” কর্তার স্থানে বসে, আর “had been written” দ্বারা past perfect tense ঠিক থাকে।
Final Answers for Question 5:
(a) Let the door be locked.
(b) The solution to this problem is known by Ashim.
(c) A letter had been written by me.
Let me know if you need any further explanations!
The Passing Away of Bapu – Nayantara Sehgal
Page Number – 25
Question 10: Join the following pairs of sentences into single sentences as directed
(a) I saw a snake. I ran away. (Use participle)
Correct answer: Seeing a snake, I ran away.
Explanation:
• The present participle (seeing) is used to join the sentences.
• The first clause (I saw a snake) is reduced to Seeing a snake.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• এখানে দুটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করতে present participle (seeing) ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।
• প্রথম বাক্যাংশ “I saw a snake”–কে সংক্ষেপ করে “Seeing a snake” করা হয়েছে।
(b) He learns music. He listens to the chords. (Use preposition with gerund)
Correct answer: He learns music by listening to the chords.
Explanation:
• By + gerund (listening) is used to indicate the manner in which he learns music.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• By + gerund (listening) ব্যবহার করা হয় কোনো কাজ কীভাবে করা হচ্ছে সেই পদ্ধতি বা উপায় বোঝাতে।
এখানে “listening” দ্বারা বোঝাচ্ছে—সে কীভাবে সংগীত শেখে।
(c) Gold is a precious metal. It is used to make ornaments. (Use noun in apposition)
Correct answer: Gold, a precious metal, is used to make ornaments.
Explanation:
• A precious metal is a noun in apposition to Gold.
• Apposition means renaming the noun with additional information.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• A precious metal হলো Gold–এর একটি apposition, অর্থাৎ একই বস্তুকে অন্যভাবে ব্যাখ্যা করে বলা একটি বিশেষণমূলক বিশেষ্য-গুচ্ছ।
• Apposition বলতে বোঝায়—কোনো বিশেষ্যকে আবার আরেকটি তথ্যসমৃদ্ধ বিশেষ্য দ্বারা পরিচিত করা বা নতুনভাবে নামকরণ করা।
(d) Ramu has some money. He can buy books. (Use infinitive)
Correct answer: Ramu has some money to buy books.
Explanation:
• To buy (infinitive) expresses the purpose of having money.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• To buy (infinitive) এখানে টাকার উদ্দেশ্য বোঝাচ্ছে—অর্থাৎ টাকা রাখার কারণ হলো কিছু কেনা।
(e) The sky was cloudy. We postponed our journey. (Use nominative absolute)
Correct answer: The sky being cloudy, we postponed our journey.
Explanation:
• The nominative absolute construction consists of a noun (the sky) followed by a participle (being cloudy).
• This structure provides background information.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Nominative absolute construction গঠিত হয় একটি বিশেষ্য (the sky) এবং তার পরে থাকা একটি participle (being cloudy) দিয়ে।
• এই ধরনের গঠন মূল বাক্যের জন্য প্রেক্ষাপট বা অতিরিক্ত পটভূমির তথ্য প্রদান করে।
(f) The boy wrote the answer. The answer was incorrect. (Use adverbial phrase)
Correct answer: The boy wrote the answer incorrectly.
Explanation:
• The adverbial phrase (incorrectly) modifies wrote to describe how the action was performed.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Incorrectly একটি adverbial phrase, যা wrote ক্রিয়াকে বিশেষিত করছে—অর্থাৎ কাজটি কীভাবে করা হয়েছিল, তা বোঝাচ্ছে।
Final Answers for Question 10:
(a) Seeing a snake, I ran away.
(b) He learns music by listening to the chords.
(c) Gold, a precious metal, is used to make ornaments.
(d) Ramu has some money to buy books.
(e) The sky being cloudy, we postponed our journey.
(f) The boy wrote the answer incorrectly.
Let me know if you need further clarifications!
Page number – 26
Question 11: Join the following pairs of sentences into single compound sentences as directed.
(a) The old man is unwell. He cannot go out. (Use illative conjunction)
Correct answer: The old man is unwell, therefore he cannot go out.
Explanation:
• Illative conjunctions (such as therefore, so, hence, then) indicate a result or conclusion.
• “Therefore” is used to show the consequence of the old man being unwell.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Illative conjunction (যেমন: therefore, so, hence, then) ফলাফল বা সিদ্ধান্ত বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
• বৃদ্ধ ব্যক্তি অসুস্থ হওয়ায় তার পরিণতি বা ফল বোঝাতে therefore ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।
(b) He is honest. He is humble. (Use cumulative conjunction)
Correct answer: He is honest and humble.
Explanation:
• Cumulative conjunctions (such as and, as well as, both…and) add information.
• “And” is used to join two positive qualities.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Cumulative conjunction (যেমন: and, as well as, both…and) নতুন তথ্য যোগ করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
• এখানে দুটি ভালো গুণ একসঙ্গে যুক্ত করতে and ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।
(c) Sonali cannot write poetry. She keeps on trying. (Use adversative conjunction)
Correct answer: Sonali cannot write poetry, yet she keeps on trying.
Explanation:
• Adversative conjunctions (such as but, yet, still, whereas) express contrast.
• “Yet” highlights the contradiction between her inability to write poetry and her continuous effort.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Adversative conjunction (যেমন: but, yet, still, whereas) ব্যবহৃত হয় বৈপরীত্য বা বিরোধ বোঝাতে।
• এখানে yet ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে কারণ—সে কবিতা লিখতে পারে না, তবুও নিয়মিত চেষ্টা করে—এই দুটি বিপরীত ভাবকে স্পষ্টভাবে তুলে ধরে।
Final Answers:
(a) The old man is unwell, therefore he cannot go out.
(b) He is honest and humble.
(c) Sonali cannot write poetry, yet she keeps on trying.
Page Number – 27
Continue:
(d) Study hard. You will not pass the examination. (Use alternative conjunction)
Correct answer: Either study hard or you will not pass the examination.
Explanation:
• Alternative conjunctions (such as either…or, otherwise, or) present choices or alternatives.
• “Either…or” is used here to indicate that passing the exam depends on studying hard.
ব্যাখ্যা:
• Alternative conjunction (যেমন: either…or, otherwise, or) দুই বা ততোধিক বিকল্প বা পছন্দের মধ্যে একটি বেছে নেওয়ার পরিস্থিতি বোঝায়।
• এখানে either…or ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, কারণ পরীক্ষায় পাস করা নির্ভর করছে—সে কঠোর পরিশ্রম করবে কি না—এই বিকল্পের ওপর।
Final Answer with Explanation:
11. (a) The old man is unwell, therefore he cannot go out.
11. (b) He is honest and humble.
11. (c) Sonali cannot write poetry, yet she keeps on trying.
11. (d) Either study hard or you will not pass the examination.
Section 12: Complex Sentences
(a) Rabindranath Tagore is a famous poet. He won the Nobel Prize. (use adjective clause)
→ Rabindranath Tagore, who won the Nobel Prize, is a famous poet.
Explanation: The clause “who won the Nobel Prize” acts as an adjective clause describing Rabindranath Tagore.
ব্যাখ্যা: “Who won the Nobel Prize” অংশটি একটি adjective clause, যা Rabindranath Tagore–কে বর্ণনা বা বিশেষিত করছে।
(b) He returned home. Everyone in the family had fallen asleep. (use adverb clause)
→ He returned home after everyone in the family had fallen asleep.
Explanation: The clause “after everyone in the family had fallen asleep” functions as an adverb clause modifying “returned home.”
ব্যাখ্যা: • “After everyone in the family had fallen asleep” অংশটি একটি adverb clause, যা returned home ক্রিয়াকে বিশেষিত করছে—অর্থাৎ সে কখন বাড়ি ফিরেছিল তা বোঝাচ্ছে।
(c) The sun rises in the east. Everyone knows it. (use noun clause)
→ Everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.
Explanation: The clause “that the sun rises in the east” functions as a noun clause, acting as the object of “knows.”
ব্যাখ্যা: “That the sun rises in the east” উপবাক্যটি একটি noun clause, এবং এটি knows ক্রিয়ার object হিসেবে কাজ করছে।
Section 13: Different Sentence Types
(a) It rained hard. The roads were not flooded. (compound sentence)
→ It rained hard, but the roads were not flooded.
Explanation: A compound sentence connects two independent clauses using a coordinating conjunction (but).
ব্যাখ্যা: একটি compound sentence–এ দুটি স্বাধীন clause যুক্ত হয় coordinating conjunction (but) ব্যবহার করে।
(b) He completed his work. He took rest. (simple sentence)
→ Having completed his work, he took rest.
Explanation: A simple sentence removes one independent clause and modifies it into a phrase.
ব্যাখ্যা: একটি simple sentence তৈরি করতে দুটি স্বাধীন clause-এর মধ্যে একটি বাদ দেওয়া হয় এবং সেটিকে একটি phrase-এ রূপান্তর করা হয়।
(c) Rahul is a great singer. He can sing different kinds of songs. (complex sentence)
→ Rahul, who is a great singer, can sing different kinds of songs.
Explanation: The adjective clause “who is a great singer” describes Rahul, making the sentence complex.
ব্যাখ্যা: “Who is a great singer” অংশটি একটি adjective clause, যা Rahul–কে বর্ণনা করছে। এই কারণে বাক্যটি complex sentence হয়েছে।
Page Number – 28
Final Answer with Explanation (Continuation):
(d) The time of departure of the train has changed. Alia knew it. (complex sentence)
→ Alia knew that the time of departure of the train had changed.
Explanation: The clause “that the time of departure of the train had changed” functions as a noun clause, acting as the object of “knew.”
বাংলা: “That the time of departure of the train had changed” এই clause–টি একটি noun clause, যা knew–এর object হিসেবে কাজ করছে।
(e) I do not watch television. I do not listen to the radio. (compound sentence)
→ I do not watch television, nor do I listen to the radio.
Explanation: A compound sentence connects two independent clauses using a coordinating conjunction (nor).
ব্যাখ্যা: Compound sentence দুইটি স্বাধীন clause–কে যুক্ত করে। এখানে nor ব্যবহার করে দুটি clause যুক্ত করা হয়েছে।
(f) The child was short. The child could not pick the guava from the tree. (simple sentence)
→ Being short, the child could not pick the guava from the tree.
Explanation: The second clause is modified into a participial phrase (Being short), making it a simple sentence.
ব্যাখ্যা: দ্বিতীয় clause-টি Being short participial phrase-এ পরিণত হয়েছে, তাই বাক্যটি একটি simple sentence হয়েছে।
Page Number – 29
Final Answer with Detailed Explanation:
(a) It rained and I could not leave my room.
→ It rained. I could not leave my room.
Explanation:
The given sentence consists of two independent clauses joined by the conjunction “and.” To split it into two separate sentences, we remove the conjunction and create two independent statements.
ব্যাখ্যা:
বাক্যটিতে and দ্বারা যুক্ত দুটি স্বাধীন clause আছে। এগুলোকে আলাদা বাক্যে ভাঙতে হলে and সরিয়ে দিয়ে দুইটি স্বতন্ত্র বাক্য তৈরি করতে হয়।
(b) He thought that he could win the race.
→ He thought something. He could win the race.
Explanation:
The given sentence is a complex sentence where “that he could win the race” functions as a noun clause (object of the verb “thought”). To split it, we replace “that he could win the race” with “something” in the first sentence and form a separate sentence for “He could win the race.”
ব্যাখ্যা:
দেওয়া বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence, যেখানে “that he could win the race” অংশটি একটি noun clause (ক্রিয়া thought–এর object)। এটিকে বিভক্ত করতে হলে প্রথম বাক্যে noun clause–টির জায়গায় “something” বসানো হয়, এবং দ্বিতীয় বাক্য হিসেবে “He could win the race.” আলাদা করে লেখা হয়।
(c) Having been informed of the trouble, the principal left for home.
→ The principal was informed of the trouble. He left for home.
Explanation:
The sentence begins with a participial phrase (“Having been informed of the trouble”) that provides background information. To split it into two sentences, we convert the participial phrase into a full independent clause: “The principal was informed of the trouble.” The second part, “He left for home,” remains unchanged.
ব্যাখ্যা:
বাক্যটি একটি participial phrase (“Having been informed of the trouble”) দিয়ে শুরু হয়েছে, যা মূল ঘটনার আগে দেওয়া পটভূমির তথ্য বোঝায়। একে দুইটি বাক্যে ভাগ করতে হলে participial phrase–টিকে পূর্ণাঙ্গ independent clause–এ রূপান্তর করা হয়: “The principal was informed of the trouble.” দ্বিতীয় অংশ “He left for home” অপরিবর্তিত থাকে, কারণ এটি নিজেই একটি স্বাধীন বাক্য।
(d) Nasir, who was the captain of the team, scored a century.
→ Nasir was the captain of the team. He scored a century.
Explanation:
This is a complex sentence containing a relative clause (“who was the captain of the team”) that provides additional information about Nasir. To split it, we extract the relative clause and form an independent sentence: “Nasir was the captain of the team.” The main clause “He scored a century” remains as a separate sentence.
ব্যাখ্যা:
এটি একটি complex sentence, যেখানে “who was the captain of the team”–টি Nasir–কে সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য দেয়; এটি একটি relative clause। বাক্যটিকে দুই ভাগ করতে হলে relative clause–টি আলাদা করে একটি স্বাধীন বাক্য বানানো হয়:
“Nasir was the captain of the team.” মূল clause “He scored a century” আলাদা একটি বাক্য হিসেবে থাকে।
My Own True Family – Ted Hughes
Page Number – 34 & 35
Question 4: Change the following into indirect speech
In indirect speech, we remove quotation marks, change the tense (if needed), and adjust pronouns and time expressions.
(a) Rahul asked Dipa, “Will you go to school today?”
• Answer: Rahul asked Dipa if she would go to school that day.
• Explanation: Since this is a yes/no question, we use “if” or “whether” to introduce the reported speech. The verb “asked” is followed by “if/whether.” “Will” changes to “would” as per the rule of backshifting. “Today” changes to “that day.”
ব্যাখ্যা:
এটি একটি yes/no প্রশ্ন, তাই reported speech-এ if বা whether ব্যবহার করা হয়। Asked–এর পরে if/whether বসে। নিয়ম অনুসারে will → would হয় (backshifting)। Today → that day হয়।
(b) Rita said to Ayesha, “Please give me a glass of water.”
• Answer: Rita requested Ayesha to give her a glass of water.
• Explanation: This is a request, so we use “requested” instead of “said.” “Please” is removed, and the sentence is restructured.
ব্যাখ্যা:
এটি একটি অনুরোধমূলক বাক্য, তাই এখানে said এর পরিবর্তে requested ব্যবহার করা হয়। “Please” reported speech-এ বাদ দেওয়া হয়, এবং বাক্যটির গঠন অনুযায়ী নতুনভাবে সাজানো হয়।
(c) The old man told the little girl, “May you be happy!”
• Answer: The old man wished that the little girl might be happy.
• Explanation: This is a wish or blessing. We use “wished” or “blessed” to express it. “May” changes to “might.”
ব্যাখ্যা:
এটি একটি wish বা blessing ধরনের বাক্য। তাই এখানে wished বা blessed ব্যবহৃত হয়। “May” পরিবর্তিত হয়ে might হয়।
Question 5: Do as directed
(a) Ranjan said, “Who does not know the name of Rabindranath?” (Change into affirmative sentence)
• Explanation: The original sentence is in an interrogative (negative) form. To make it affirmative, we remove the negative phrase “does not know” and express the same meaning positively.
ব্যাখ্যা:
মূল বাক্যটি নেতিবাচক প্রশ্নবোধক (interrogative negative) রূপে আছে। এটিকে affirmative বা ইতিবাচক বাক্যে রূপান্তর করতে হলে “does not know”—এই নেতিবাচক অংশটি বাদ দিতে হয়। তারপর একই ধারণাটি ইতিবাচকভাবে প্রকাশ করা হয়।
(b) Sangeeta runs faster than any other girl in her class. (Rewrite using the positive degree of ‘faster’)
• Answer: Everyone knows the name of Rabindranath.
• Explanation: The positive degree of comparison is used with “as…as” instead of a comparative form. We replace “faster than” with “as fast as” and restructure the sentence.
ব্যাখ্যা:
এখানে positive degree of comparison ব্যবহার করতে হলে as…as গঠনটি লাগে। তাই “faster than”–এর জায়গায় as fast as বসিয়ে বাক্যটির গঠন পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
• Answer: No other girl in her class runs as fast as Sangeeta.
(c) Kaushiki blamed her friend for the trouble. (Rewrite using the noun form of ‘blamed’)
• Answer: Kaushiki put the blame on her friend for the trouble.
• Explanation: The noun form of “blamed” is “blame.” We rephrase the sentence using “blame” instead of the verb “blamed.”
ব্যাখ্যা:
“Blamed” শব্দটির noun (বিশেষ্য) রূপ হলো “blame”। তাই বাক্যটিকে পুনর্গঠন করতে verb “blamed” সরিয়ে noun “blame” ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Our Runway Kite – Lucy Maud Montgomery
Page Number – 47
(a) Shankha lives in Alipurduar. (Information question using ‘where’)
• Step 1: Identify the place in the sentence: “Alipurduar.”
• Step 2: Use “Where” at the beginning.
• Step 3: Change the sentence structure to a question.
• Answer: Where does Shankha live?
(b) They have gone to a picnic. (Interrogative sentence using ‘where’)
• Step 1: Identify the place-related word in the sentence: “picnic.”
• Step 2: Use “Where” at the beginning.
• Step 3: Convert “have gone” into a question format.
• Answer: Where have they gone?
(c) I went to school yesterday. (Simple question using ‘did’)
• Step 1: Convert the past tense verb “went” to its base form “go.”
• Step 2: Add “Did” at the beginning.
• Step 3: Restructure the sentence into a question.
• Answer: Did you go to school yesterday?
(d) Tia studies in class X. (Information question using ‘which’)
• Step 1: Identify the choice-related part of the sentence: “class X.”
• Step 2: Use “Which” at the beginning to ask about the class.
• Step 3: Restructure the sentence.
• Answer: Which class does Tia study in?
Sea Fever – John Masefield
Page Number – 51
(a) What a shocking sight! (Change into an assertive sentence)
• Step 1: Identify the sentence type: It is an exclamatory sentence.
• Step 2: Remove the exclamatory words “What a” and rephrase it into a statement.
• Step 3: Rewrite it as a simple assertion.
Answer: It was a very shocking sight.
(b) I am sure of his success. (Change into a complex sentence)
• Step 1: Identify the sentence type: It is a simple sentence.
• Step 2: Convert it into a complex sentence by adding a subordinate clause.
• Step 3: Use “that” to introduce a dependent clause.
Answer: I am sure that he will succeed.
(c) Snigdha is not only wise but also brave. (Change into a simple sentence)
• Step 1: Identify the sentence structure: It is a compound sentence with “not only…but also.”
• Step 2: Rewrite it as a simple sentence using “as well as.”
• Step 3: Merge the qualities into one sentence without conjunctions.
Answer: Snigdha is both wise and brave.
The Cat – Andrew Barton Paterson
Page Number – 61
10. Split the following sentences:
Splitting a sentence means breaking it into two or more simple sentences while maintaining the original meaning.
Splitting a sentence বলতে বোঝায়—একটি বাক্যকে তার মূল অর্থ একই রেখে দুই বা তার বেশি simple sentence–এ ভাগ করে দেওয়া।
(a) They postponed their visit as the programme was called off.
Split version:
1. The programme was called off.
2. They postponed their visit.
Final answer: The programme was called off. They postponed their visit.
(b) Having fought the battle, he returned victorious.
Split version:
1. He fought the battle.
2. He returned victorious.
Final answer: He fought the battle. He returned victorious.
(c) He poured some water into the glass and drank it.
Split version:
1. He poured some water into the glass.
2. He drank it.
Final answer: He poured some water into the glass. He drank it.
(d) He was afraid lest he be proved guilty.
Split version:
1. He was afraid.
2. He might be proved guilty.
Final answer: He was afraid. He might be proved guilty.
11. Join the following pairs of sentences into a single sentence:
Joining sentences means combining two or more simple sentences into a compound or complex sentence.
দুই বা ততোধিক সরল বাক্যকে একত্র করে যৌগিক বা জটিল বাক্য বানানোকে joining sentences বলা হয়।
(a) He is wise. He is brave.
Joined version: He is wise and brave.
(b) My grandfather lives in a big house. The house is by the river.
Joined version: My grandfather lives in a big house which is by the river.
(c) I got a new book. I felt happy.
Joined version: I felt happy because I got a new book.
(d) Muskan is sick. She could not attend the function.
Joined version: Muskan could not attend the function because she is sick.
The Snail – William Cowper
Page Number – 65
4. Change the following sentences into questions, as directed:
(a) Siraj always rises early. (Interrogative sentence using ‘does’)
Question: Does Siraj always rise early?
To convert this into a question using “does,” we must:
• Use “Does” at the beginning of the sentence.
• Change the verb “rises” to its base form “rise” (since “does” takes care of the tense).
(b) Joyce is the best singer in the class. (Information question using ‘who’)
Question: Who is the best singer in the class?
To frame a question using “who,” we must:
• Replace “Joyce” with “Who” since we are asking about a person.
• Keep the rest of the sentence in proper order.
(c) He saw the rainbow. (Interrogative sentence using ‘did’)
Question: Did he see the rainbow?
To convert this into a question using “did,” we must:
• Use “Did” at the beginning.
• Change “saw” to its base form “see” (since “did” indicates past tense).
(d) I go to school by bus. (Information question using ‘how’)
Question: How do you go to school?
To form a question using “how,” we must:
• Begin with “How” to inquire about the mode of transport.
• Keep the rest of the sentence grammatically correct.
My Final Advice
Getting full marks in English in Madhyamik is everyone’s dream. Even an average student can get full marks in English. However, to get full marks in your State Board 10th examination, just follow these. First, prepare at your best. Then make a schedule for examinations. You’ll use your test papers and question banks for that. And finally, appear exams you scheduled earlier. Make sure you maintain the timing properly. If you have any doubts or questions about your Madhyamik English Textual grammar, feel free to ask.
